10/SEPT/19 Report

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ORCA DIGITAL NET 10/Sep/19 Check-in/Rotation:

Check-ins : 16
Stations:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV
KB7VX Bruce Fortuna,CA
W6ADZ Darrell Reno,NV
KB6HOH Steve Novato,CA in&out
W7WSV Steve Mesa,AZ in&out
WB7TZD Tom Vancouver,WA
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

The band was much better than anticipated tonight and the FLAMP Exercise was brisk and efficient. Thor-50×1 confirmed half of the stations in the first round. With the Cedar City,UT crew at the Rainbow Canyon ARC meeting, the net was a bit smaller than usual. They usually make up a quarter to third of ck-ins and occasionally have been near half of the active ck-ins. We appreciate their participation and support. Most of our members probably belong to ARCs.

If you missed the email by Mike Ritz W7VO, ARRL Northwestern Division Director, regarding changes ARRL has proposed to the FCC relative to relocating digital signals to sub-bands, please scroll to the bottom of this document.  We sent his email after closing the net.  It’s worth our time to understand the issues here, and let the deciders know our thoughts.  It would not be good for us to be packed into the ACDS sub-band with all the gateways, beacons, skimmers, bots, etc.

ORCA’s agenda is fundamentally about learning NBEMS software to process digital traffic and the fundamentals of HF digital net operations. This is spelled out fairly well on our website.  ORCA is organized by Amateur Directed Net protocols.  The same protocols used in Amateur CW and Phone nets. Equally important to handling digital traffic are the computer skills necessary to all digital operations: OS/software configuration, typing, file management, text editing, etc. Underlying all our routines and conventions is reading comprehension.

One of our most powerful teaching elements is the transparency of all transmissions. You can observe every station’s transmission. You can see how well others have parsed instructions and compare their conclusions to your own. Yes, reading comprehension (parsing) really is fundamental.  Reading and understanding instructions is fundamental to learning and practicing correctly. We’re a learning and practice net; mistakes are normal in a learning environment. Mistakes are useful learning moments for observers too. The weekly FLAMP Exercise always contains a numeral that denotes the number of discreet instructions in the exercise.  It’s there to enable self-checking. Correctly understanding instructions is critical to implementing them correctly and completely.

ORCA presents net-format and protocols on the website and before every net in the Preamble. Without a clear and concise format, we couldn’t expect the net to operate in an orderly manner. Using Amateur Directed Net protocols, we organized ORCA to operate closely to the standards you will find on HF digital Traffic and Emergency nets. ORCA’s agenda embodies the standards we expect you to encounter at digital Traffic and Emergency nets. We hope to help you prepare to participate constructively in these nets or lead one in time of need. There’s no penalty for error at ORCA.  We all learn from mistakes, no matter who makes them.

Our check-in protocol calls for ‘CALLSIGN’ only at ck-in.  It’s all we need unless it’s your first ck-in where we ask for CALL/NAME/QTH.  We ask monitoring stations to ck-in with ‘CALLSIGN IN&OUT’.  We’re not a Traffic net, so we don’t list traffic at ck-in.  Ck-In is one of our busiest times every net. CALLSIGN or CALLSIGN IN&OUT are all we need. We’ve made an effort to present net protocols clearly and concisely and we’d like your input where we need to revise or expand net instructions and explanations.

That said, ORCA is running very nicely, Thanks to You.  Without you, we would not have a net. We deeply appreciate your involvement and support. This ramble about reading comprehension is not for anyone in particular, but intended to enable you to take your digital game to the next level.  Thanks for working with us. We hope to see you again next Tuesday evening for another session. 73 Doug K7KY

RX #1: W1EEP UT
RX #2: W1EEP UT
RX #1: KE6SLS CA RX #2: KE6SLS CA
RX #1: W6ADZ NV
RX #2: W6ADZ NV
RX #1: W7WSV AZ
RX #2: W7WSV AZ

—- Net Log —-

KD7CL < K7KY GE Craig
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out < NCS

TEST TUNE 2019-09-11 01:56Z < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T01:56Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

K7KY greatsignal in Riverton…KD7CL

RR Craig ur 20over 9 & 9db hr 73 < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T01:58Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7KY 13db 10 over looks great 73 KD7CL

K7DV juix tžtetv º a diapole to work srri Pout all of the tuntupag

K7DV < K7KY RR Dave TU
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
Dave ur real weak hr now
maybe better as we go tu < NCS

KJ6GQW KJ6GQW
IN & OUT

KJ6GQW < K7KY GE Phil
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out < NCS

can anyone relay the last station? < K7KY

last station agn pse < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:08Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

K7KY K7KY de K7DV K7DV now on anttena of dcrewdriver nrw/amp thanks de K7dv

FB Dave ur s9 & -5db abt 80% cpy tu BREAK

ORCA DIGITAL NET – Early Check-in… < K7KY

W1EEP < K7KY RR Gene TU
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT < NCS

K6ETA < K7KY GE Steve
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out < NCS

Net de ke6sls
Checking IN tonight. Going to chk in w/Mendo net and
brb. TU!
Jaye ke6sls k

KE6SLS < K7KY TU Jaye
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA < NCS

Early ORCA Ck-Ins:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

ORCA DIGITAL NET – Early Check-in… < K7KY

ORCA DIGITAL NET – Early Check-in… < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:16Z MFSK-32 @ 1508>>

de KI7LOQ k

KI7LOQ < K7KY TU Aaron
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:19Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
last station agn @ 1500 pse < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:20Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
I7LOQ, in and out. Thx
de KI7LOQ k

KI7LOQ < K7KY GE Aaron
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
Thanks, Aaron 73 < NCS

KG7D Greg In and out tonight.
de AG7TX k

KG7D < K7KY GE Greg
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
2 calls? (-: 73 < NCS

AG7TX < K7KY TU Dave
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV < NCS

Early ORCA Ck-Ins:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

The members in Cedar City,UT are @ the Rainbow Canyon ARC meeting tonite and the band is not so friendly.. Our background noise is S9 tonite maybe a smaller net tonite… any more ck-ins? < K7KY

K7KY NCS de KB7VX KB7VX

Running 5 watts tonight on the 134 foot vee doublet, apex
at 30 feet.
No traffic No traffic
de KB7VX pse k

KB7VX < K7KY TU Bruce
KB7VX Bruce Fortuna,CA < NCS

de W6ADZ Darrell in Reno, NV

W6ADZ < K7KY RR Darrell TU
W6ADZ Darrell Reno,NV < NCS

KB6HOH < K7KY GE Steve
KB6HOH Steve Novato,CA in&out < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:27Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7KY de KB6HOH OK Doug and just a quick hello to you and Mandy. Hw are you guys doing??
So BTU Doug K7KY de KB6HOH k

FB Steve all gud hr… tnx for cking in tonite BREAK any more ck-ins? < NCS

Early ORCA Ck-Ins:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV
KB7VX Bruce Fortuna,CA
W6ADZ Darrell Reno,NV
KB6HOH Steve Novato,CA in&out
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

WELCOME to the ORCA DIGITAL NET
Doug K7KY/NCS, Brookings,OR, 35w, 208′ Doublet @ 80′

ORCA meets every Tuesday 1830p/0130z – 3.581+1500 – MFSK-32
NBEMS Software: FLDIGI, FLMSG, FLAMP. Dave W1HKJ, Developer

ORCA is a DIRECTED net, dedicated to learning and developing
digital operating skills and practicing NBEMS traffic handling.
ORCA connects Amateur Operators with common interest in training,
information-sharing, and mutual-aid. Practice makes perfect!

New to ORCA? See: http://orcadigitalnet.com/quick-start/

Following check-in NCS sends:
1) Signal evaluation image (30sec)
2) Rotation list
3) Announcements

Weekly FLAMP Exercise
Open FLAMP before exercise begins.

Traffic Round: NCS calls each station in rotation.
No practice traffic? Send ‘QRU’. Hold keyboard dialogue
for Comment Round. Questions anytime.

Comment Round: RX reports, observations, questions
(keyboard or FLMSG BLANK Form as you like)

CONFIG FOR NET:
LOCK: Cursor @ 1500
ENABLE: RxID
DISABLE: TxID, end-of-Tx-ID, Mode-ID
DISABLE: CWID, CW-Postamble-ID, Pre-Signal-Tone*
* Use manual pre-tone (TUNE BUTTON) when doubles are likely.

—–

REMAINING CK-INS COME NOW. Participating Ops send ‘CALLSIGN’ or VidID
MONITORING Ops Send,’CALLSIGN in&out’

First time? CALL/NAME/QTH < NCS

i)bf n&t1i BptyOut K

can anyone relay the last station? < K7KY

I copied a W5V?? here de ke6sls k

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:34Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7KY DE W1EEP W7WSV IN AND OUT

W1EEP RR Gene tu BREAK
W7WSV < K7KY GE Steve
W7WSV Steve Mesa,AZ in&out < NCS

W6ADZ < K7KY Darrell pse relay the call 4 ck-in if you don’t hv the macro, just make it up tu < NCS

W6ADZ relay for ORCA Net. Any more check-ins for ORCA net? de W6ADZ

None heard de W6ADZ

RR Darrell tu sri to just drop it on you I can’t always remember who has the macro and who may not either way, it works BREAK

Signal Evaluation Image
Sending Pic:144×140; < K7KY

… start
[WRAP:beg][WRAP:lf][WRAP:fn 0RCA.b2s]<flmsg>4.0.14
:hdr_fm:41
W7ZAP 20191604234942
K7KY 20191109023848
:hdr_ed:21
W7ZAP 20192201220807
<blankform>
:mg:498 ORCA DIGITAL NET 10/Sep/19 Check-in/Rotation:

Check-ins : 15
Stations:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV
KB7VX Bruce Fortuna,CA
W6ADZ Darrell Reno,NV
KB6HOH Steve Novato,CA in&out
W7WSV Steve Mesa,AZ in&out
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

[WRAP:chksum 3400][WRAP:end] … end

ANNOUNCEMENTS 10/Sept/2019

Tonight’s FLAMP exercise distributes the file, ‘ex136.txt’, an FLDIGI/FLAMP/FLMSG
exercise. If you complete the OPTIONAL exercise within, send that file to NCS in
the Traffic round with FLAMP.

ARRL’s position on the Symbol Rate (RM-11708), and Digital Transparency (RM-11831)
FCC proposals merit closer scrutiny. ARRL now proposes to move digital signals
like ours to the ACDS (Automatic Control Digital Stations) sub-bands. Currently
these sub-bands are home to all ACDS signals 500hz and greater. ARRL seeks to have
ALL ACDS signals of any bandwidth confined to the sub-bands along with ALL Controlled
signals greater than 500hz. Our primary mode, MFSK-32, is 630hz; we would have to
relocate above 3.585 with all the beacons, spotters, gateways, sniffers, QSOs, etc.
We’ve already experienced QRM from Winlink Gateways. It takes time to find, contact,
and resolve issues with ACDS Operators. This proposal does not bode well for ORCA
DIGITAL NET.

ARRL’s recommendations may also be an effort to rectify the problem they created
by eliminating the CW license requirement and extending Phone into CW/Digital
in anticipation of a major increase in Phone Operators. Instead, there’s a continuing
increase in digital mode Operators. Many incoming Amateur Ops are already somewhat
digitally savy and EMCOMM operations have moved heavily into digital in support of
served agencies. Moving all ACDS signals into the sub-band makes some sense, but
sending controlled digital QSOs and digital nets into this busy sub-band seems certain
to create conflict. Their idea to seek band space beyond 3.600, where we would be
secondary users, seems particularly unrealistic.

We have email from Mike Ritz, W7VO, ARRL Northwestern Division Director, that speaks
to some aspects of ARRL’s proposals. It’s an 8.5min(MFSK-32) file, too long for the
Traffic Round; I’ll send it after we close. Propagation should then be at it’s best
by then. Let us know your thoughts on this issue; be sure to let the deciders know
your thinking too.

Net Report posted soon: http://orcadigitalnet.com/reports/

If you want on/off the Net Report/Log publication list:
ncs@orcadigitalnet.com < NCS

The FLAMP Exercise with Mindy W7ZAP is next… < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:44Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

Tonight’s exercise begins in THOR-50×1 (176wpm, 900hz). We’ll
fill with DOMEX22 (160wpm, 524hz), & MFSK-32 (120wpm,
630hz). Check your Filters, WIDE mode ahead… < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:44Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:45Z THOR 50 x1 @ 1500>>

ORCA DIGITAL NET DE W7ZAP

<PROG 18 BFAA>{DAA6}FLAMP 2.2.05
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<DATA 88 2C70>{DAA6:1}OPTIONAL – FLDIGI/FLMSG/FLAMP file-manipulation exercise
In FLMSG, create an
<DATA 88 8519>{DAA6:2}ICS-213 file named,’URCALL_ex136.213′.
Make ‘Inc:’= ex#136. Make ‘To’= NCS. Mak
<DATA 88 05E8>{DAA6:3}e ‘Fm’= URCALL.
Make ‘Sub’= Net-Time. Copy the following question to the
‘Orig
<DATA 88 034A>{DAA6:4}inator’ Tab:
Do you work the Int’l SATERN Digital Net on Saturday?
Enter y
<DATA 88 4A84>{DAA6:5}our reply on the ‘Responder’ tab.
If you complete this OPTIONAL exercise, se
<DATA 88 905E>{DAA6:6}nd that file to
NCS in FLAMP during the Traffic Round. Before sending,
change
<DATA 26 A2AA>{DAA6:7}’QST’ to ‘NCS’. 8
<CNTL 10 3B9F>{DAA6:EOF}
<CNTL 10 9B93>{DAA6:EOT}

DE W7ZAP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:46Z THOR 50 x1 @ 1500>>

For REPORTS, I’ll prompt you in order with
your CALL only. Press the FLAMP ‘REPORT’
Button or send ‘No Copy’. I may ask you
to RELAY fill blocks.

We begin with… K7DV

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:47Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
W1EEP

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:47Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
DE W1EEP
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 12 0F5C>{DAA6}2 3 6
DE W1EEP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:47Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
KE6SLS

DE ke6sls
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 15 1FE3>{DAA6}CONFIRMED
DE ke6sls K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:48Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
AG7TX

DE AG7TX
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 15 1FE3>{DAA6}CONFIRMED
DE AG7TX K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:48Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:48Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
KB7VX
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:49Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
W6ADZ

DE W6ADZ
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 15 1FE3>{DAA6}CONFIRMED
DE W6ADZ K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:49Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:49Z DominoEX 22 @ 1500>>

ORCA DIGITAL NET DE W7ZAP

<PROG 18 BFAA>{DAA6}FLAMP 2.2.05
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<DATA 88 2C70>{DAA6:1}OPTIONAL – FLDIGI/FLMSG/FLAMP file-manipulation exercise
In FLMSG, create an
<DATA 88 8519>{DAA6:2}ICS-213 file named,’URCALL_ex136.213′.
Make ‘Inc:’= ex#136. Make ‘To’= NCS. Mak
<DATA 88 05E8>{DAA6:3}e ‘Fm’= URCALL.
Make ‘Sub’= Net-Time. Copy the following question to the
‘Orig
<DATA 88 034A>{DAA6:4}inator’ Tab:
Do you work the Int’l SATERN Digital Net on Saturday?
Enter y
<DATA 88 4A84>{DAA6:5}our reply on the ‘Responder’ tab.
If you complete this OPTIONAL exercise, se
<DATA 88 905E>{DAA6:6}nd that file to
NCS in FLAMP during the Traffic Round. Before sending,
change
<DATA 26 A2AA>{DAA6:7}’QST’ to ‘NCS’. 8
<CNTL 10 3B9F>{DAA6:EOF}
<CNTL 10 9B93>{DAA6:EOT}

DE W7ZAP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:51Z DominoEX 22 @ 1500>>
K7DV

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:51Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
W1EEP

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:52Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
DE W1EEP
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 10 F4E7>{DAA6}2 3
DE W1EEP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:52Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
KB7VX

DE KB7VX
File : ex136.txt
<MISSING 15 1FE3>{DAA6}CONFIRMED
DE KB7VX K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:53Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

ORCA DIGITAL NET DE W7ZAP

<PROG 18 BFAA>{DAA6}FLAMP 2.2.05
<DATA 88 8519>{DAA6:2}ICS-213 file named,’URCALL_ex136.213′.
Make ‘Inc:’= ex#136. Make ‘To’= NCS. Mak
<DATA 88 05E8>{DAA6:3}e ‘Fm’= URCALL.
Make ‘Sub’= Net-Time. Copy the following question to the
‘Orig
<CNTL 10 3B9F>{DAA6:EOF}
<CNTL 10 9B93>{DAA6:EOT}

DE W7ZAP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:54Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
ORCA DIGITAL NET DE W7ZAP

<PROG 18 BFAA>{DAA6}FLAMP 2.2.05
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<FILE 30 1329>{DAA6}20190910232445:ex136.txt
<ID 17 579F>{DAA6}W7ZAP SW/OR
<SIZE 14 BC62>{DAA6}498 7 80
<DATA 88 2C70>{DAA6:1}OPTIONAL – FLDIGI/FLMSG/FLAMP file-manipulation exercise
In FLMSG, create an
<DATA 88 8519>{DAA6:2}ICS-213 file named,’URCALL_ex136.213’.
Make ‘Inc:’= ex#136. Make ‘To’= NCS. Mak
<DATA 88 05E8>{DAA6:3}e ‘Fm’= URCALL.
Make ‘Sub’= Net-Time. Copy the following question to the
‘Orig
<DATA 88 034A>{DAA6:4}inator’ Tab:
Do you work the Int’l SATERN Digital Net on Saturday?
Enter y
<DATA 88 4A84>{DAA6:5}our reply on the ‘Responder’ tab.
If you complete this OPTIONAL exercise, se
<DATA 88 905E>{DAA6:6}nd that file to
NCS in FLAMP during the Traffic Round. Before sending,
change
<DATA 26 A2AA>{DAA6:7}’QST’ to ‘NCS’. 8
<CNTL 10 3B9F>{DAA6:EOF}
<CNTL 10 9B93>{DAA6:EOT}

DE W7ZAP K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:56Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7DV

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:56Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
NCS NCS de WB7TZD WB7TZD WB7TZD k

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:56Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
WB7TZD < W7ZAP Standby pse
BREAK

W1EEP

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:57Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
W1EEP

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:57Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7KY < W7ZAP Lost W1EEP and K7DV, maybe lightning?
All other stns confirmed BTN < W7ZAP

W7ZAP < K7KY RR Mindy tu the modes you chose worked well in a very noisy band
BREAK
WB7TZD < K7KY GE Tom u active or in&out? < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T02:59Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
WB7TZD “IN”

WB7TZD < K7KY TU Tom
WB7TZD Tom Vancouver,WA < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:00Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
NCS DE W1EEP

<PROG 18 562D>{38CF}FLAMP 2.2.05
<FILE 43 28E5>{38CF}20190911025656:ex136 URCALL W1EEP.txt
<ID 18 97DF>{38CF}W1EEP DM37DJ
<SIZE 13 C83C>{38CF}88 2 64
<DATA 72 1283>{38CF:1}I Have not worked the satern net for a couple years sorry need
<DATA 32 3AF0>{38CF:2} to get with the program
<CNTL 10 7733>{38CF:EOF}
<CNTL 10 D73F>{38CF:EOT}

DE W1EEP K

W1EEP Gene ur a bit ahead of me I hv ur traffic tu BREAK

ORCA DIGITAL NET 20:01:26p
Late Ck-in? Ck-Out? < K7KY

Here comes the updated roster

… start
[WRAP:beg][WRAP:lf][WRAP:fn 0RCA.b2s]<flmsg>4.0.14
:hdr_fm:41
W7ZAP 20191604234942
K7KY 20191109030209
:hdr_ed:21
W7ZAP 20192201220807
<blankform>
:mg:522 ORCA DIGITAL NET 10/Sep/19 Check-in/Rotation:

Check-ins : 15
Stations:
KD7CL Craig Riverton,OR in&out
K7DV Dave Idaho Falls,ID
KJ6GQW Phil Eureka,CA in&out
W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT
K6ETA Steve Petaluma,CA in&out
KE6SLS Jaye Eureka,CA
KI7LOQ Aaron Meridian,ID in&out
KG7D Greg Carson City,NV in&out
AG7TX Dave Carson City,NV
KB7VX Bruce Fortuna,CA
W6ADZ Darrell Reno,NV
KB6HOH Steve Novato,CA in&out
W7WSV Steve Mesa,AZ in&out
WB7TZD Tom Vancouver,WA
W7ZAP Mindy Brookings,OR NCS
K7KY Doug Brookings,OR NCS

[WRAP:chksum 6CD3][WRAP:end] … end

Traffic Round begins with Dave K7DV < NCS

Dave may be driving 4 Uber I hv Gene’s W1EEP traffic already…

<NUL>
DE K7KY
File : ex136 URCALL W1EEP.txt
<MISSING 15 9765>{38CF}CONFIRMED
DE K7KY K

KE6SLS Jaye ur next 4 Traffic < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:05Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:05Z THOR 50 x1 @ 1500>>

NCS DE ke6sls

<PROG 18 325E>{8854}FLAMP 2.2.03
<FILE 35 0420>{8854}20190911025204:ke6sls-106.213
<ID 31 DC9A>{8854}ke6sls Eureka, California
<SIZE 15 508C>{8854}365 2 256
<DESC 12 3037>{8854}ex#136
<DATA 264 BBB0>{8854:1}[b64:start]AUxaTUEAAAEgXQAAAAQAHhmJhvwzDh5T3dGz4B06E10bOZBMZ0rzNdcVfX
Le9XZO+4ZgKPxBJsgnUhsLjeDT2qVKbhafiyPB63MCkbA2gD/1dB7AUvFSDT83h8U0b9QNirGbGZzJr64yhamXYdoYuiS/
ER3C/EZcjNfvAfAVomr4dNQM2JLEL/E7HqnP+Jus3aSJXVil10ps/LDc04UrcnC2iPAags0at+25iTfUV/JWMhH
g DATA 117to A ¥ ç ^t !e7X8inottot0Pc¯ nah.iceIroiÚ e
 ts tn tet6 ‘šœZ Udtd ¦r/Qa9isOpF3O0bfb9w=
[b64:end] <CNTL 10 525D>{8854:EOF}
<CNTL 10 F251>{8854:EOT}

DE ke6sls K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:06Z THOR 50 x1 @ 1500>>
Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:06Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

<STX>
DE K7KY
File : ke6sls-106.213
<MISSING 10 4924>{8854}1 2
DE K7KY K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:07Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
NCS DE ke6sls

<PROG 18 325E>{8854}FLAMP 2.2.03
<DATA 264 BBB0>{8854:1}[b64:start]AUxaTUEAAAEgXQAAAAQAHhmJhvwzDh5T3dGz4B06E10bOZBMZ0rzNdcVfX
Le9XZO+4ZgKPxBJsgnUhsLjeDT2qVKbhafiyPB63MCkbA2gD/1dB7AUvFSDT83h8U0b9QNirGbGZzJr64yhamXYdoYuiS/
ER3C/EZcjNfvAfAVomr4dNQM2JLEL/E7HqnP+Jus3aSJXVil10ps/LDc04UrcnC2iPAags0at+25iTfUV/SV4JW3ZY/hH
<DATA 117 226A>{8854:2}rRp4yc//EXmzUbG/al4vpK1W2pFjqHP3xLuG2ZIS+DuamZ71teQLMMNzSmDD5wEbNDa7
/7Y77LKQEaYoT/Qa9isOpF3O0bfb9w=
[b64:end] <CNTL 10 525D>{8854:EOF}
<CNTL 10 F251>{8854:EOT}

DE ke6sls K

KE6SLS < K7KY Jaye this is a perfect example of why more blocks of smaller size are better… QRM hit exactly at the transition btwn blk 1&2 BREAK

DE K7KY
File : ke6sls-106.213
<MISSING 15 5287>{8854}CONFIRMED
DE K7KY K

Next 4 Traffic is Dave AG7TX < K7KY

NCS DE AG7TX

<PROG 18 756E>{474D}FLAMP 2.2.03
<FILE 36 0D72>{474D}20190911025403:AG7TX_ex136.213
<ID 37 CC5E>{474D}AG7TX Carson City, Nv. (DM19cb)
<SIZE 14 FB19>{474D}285 5 64
<DESC 25 2DAF>{474D}FLAMP Exercise File
<DATA 72 353E>{474D:1}[b64:start]AUxaTUEAAADOXQAAAAQAHhmJhvwzDh5XomGzTmZjl8sNldXAAwI0I
<DATA 72 3528>{474D:2}Kt67BloLMPXg6GC2eA1cUNg/d0KlcHFqYKOil4vTzqNolnXXsevbYg9mKI8LZ1Ov
<DATA 72 4E04>{474D:3}Iu2clpbf2PILN3Zib/+PlDmUwtP0PTaBFd0H+bdV60zBmX6ujpX2/Ed3gNdYoI3K
<DATA 72 8755>{474D:4}/tC2PN/29Jql+YwR9wmyxrJViIElQN4JJnokiouL5rKAP+9tgDvRDf6rb1wt+mDP
<DATA 37 396D>{474D:5}zbOectL7v44HRB4HAAA
[b64:end] <CNTL 10 E253>{474D:EOF}
<CNTL 10 425F>{474D:EOT}

DE AG7TX K

Tnx Dave

<NUL>
DE K7KY
File : AG7TX_ex136.213
<MISSING 15 53C8>{474D}CONFIRMED
DE K7KY K

Next up 4 Traffic is Bruce KB7VX < NCS

NCS DE KB7VX

<PROG 18 6498>{0107}FLAMP 2.2.04
<FILE 36 BFA7>{0107}20190911025237:KB7VX-ex136.213
<ID 30 9A6F>{0107}KB7VX Fortuna California
<SIZE 14 4DE5>{0107}353 6 64
<DATA 72 80F0>{0107:1}[b64:start]AUxaTUEAAAELXQAAAAQAHhmJhvwzDh5XomGzS32cwb+1fKBa4/44P
<DATA 72 A5C6>{0107:2}8s++0SGcMwKp2nhczdmqwc3CIls7oj5T8jBFYlEZOCKon2xoL4nOzYpIN2H/NuXQ
<DATA 72 1A19>{0107:3}QCkaEqCtJroZlwtcSVhMUdHLE92biyAUHyLrpnK3Lv7OB0LwpAVBqXkFGu/EH1h5
<DATA 72 C2D5>{0107:4}AsMLx0BCtEJtKDafYCYSQ3VJw22rLReYI6MtCNYoy+ESzwO5msdIJxM5sbq+MgfZ
<DATA 72 E8D6>{0107:5}xtrVXvY/2i72iA+/WrVjdOrucgCMqaRK8QwanY2GuPkAJwtLtDG19LUvAwKXxFRW
<DATA 41 B53D>{0107:6}jEMbvideY+0+pkDUOFoAA==
[b64:end] <CNTL 10 CBAF>{0107:EOF}
<CNTL 10 6BA3>{0107:EOT}

DE KB7VX K

FB Bruce, tu

DE K7KY
File : KB7VX-ex136.213
<MISSING 15 1B90>{0107}CONFIRMED
DE K7KY K

Next 4 Traffic is Darrell W6ADZ < K7KY

NCS DE W6ADZ

<PROG 18 9946>{4FE8}FLAMP 2.2.03
<FILE 36 D5CA>{4FE8}20190911030148:W6ADZ_ex136.213
<ID 25 BF14>{4FE8}W6ADZ Reno, NV DM09
<SIZE 14 4C14>{4FE8}257 5 64
<DATA 72 9DD0>{4FE8:1}[b64:start]AUxaTUEAAAD/XQAAAAQAHhmJhvwzDh5XomGzS9nsmcbGMQ1zowliT
<DATA 72 16A8>{4FE8:2}PEWSgZGtLkSNTmazLI7n0JkpmDvZmnOdRLAgtTXCY8L3CyTVgg6kswGyrlL9o/k6
<DATA 72 819B>{4FE8:3}GZH770xmn9lK++MxH7xowIDU/u23pLMZVDbK4mLsmW3kgcBye1zJU+5Ll5iF+cMk
<DATA 72 A9E9>{4FE8:4}05svqjYEkQJsIeh3kqkmd0DoCJSBPcwyP5Ye84S51Usd54DLgtnAA==
[b64:end
<DATA 9 0E6A>{4FE8:5}] <CNTL 10 F1FF>{4FE8:EOF}
<CNTL 10 51F3>{4FE8:EOT}

DE W6ADZ K

<STX>
DE K7KY
File : W6ADZ_ex136.213
<MISSING 15 CF5C>{4FE8}CONFIRMED
DE K7KY K

Next up 4 Traffic is Tom WB7TZD < NCS

WB7TZD < K7KY Tom, hw cpy? < K7KY

ORCA DIGITAL NET 20:17:23p
Late Ck-in? Ck-Out? < K7KY

DE WB7TZD K

WB7TZD < K7KY sri Tom, I doubled u agn pse < K7KY

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:18Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

DE WB7TZD
File : AG7TX_ex136.213
<MISSING 8 BC54>{474D}5
DE WB7TZD K

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:18Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
100% ON ALL OUTHER MESSAGES
WB7TZD

FB Tom tu BREAK

ORCA DIGITAL NET 20:19:19p
Late Ck-in? Ck-Out? < K7KY

Next is the Comment Round beginning with Dave K7DV < K7KY

On to Gene W1EEP < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:20Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>
K7KY DE W1EEP SORRY ABOUT THAT KEYBOARD STOPPED WORKING 73’S TO ALL THX FOR THE NET

W1EEP < K7KY RR Gene not to worry… stuff happens to everyone now & then (-: BREAK next up 4 Comments is Jaye KE6SLS < K7KY

ARS ke6sls, Jaye in Eureka! California
Running 40 watts on an even lower/shorter vee

k7ky, s9+20 12db, 100% kb, P4, TU for heads-up on spectrum, 100% FLmsg
w7zap, s9+20 13db, 100% FLampX2, New shorter send//how?
k7dv, s7 -5db, 100%
WB7TZD, s8 0db, 100% kb
w1eep, s5 -5db, FLamp 100%
ag7tx, s8 4db, FLamp 100%
KB7VX, s9 10db, FLamp 100%–Someone is using a bigger antenna again!!
w6adz, s9 8db, FLamp 100% W/qrn

I used same mode as Mindy and I can only say, after looking at picture is that we have multipath between EKA&BKNS tonight. Band isn’t very noisy here tonight, What a difference just 80 miles can make eh. Had a great copy on the ISS pass. Recorded it and learned how to edit audio files!

Looking forward to some slightly cooler temps. Been too hot for me to sleep. Hope to get new tower up in next few days. Fingers crossed! OUTSTANDING band condx tonight. Really enjoy being able to copy UT & AZ stns.

73 all, have a GREAT WEEK!
Jaye ke6sls, Near Myrtle Lake, in Mrytle Town, just off the Myrtle Ave

FB Jaye we forgot the ISS pass and editing the audio files sounds interesting Dave just added audio files to FLDIGI I’ve not got it worki ng yet BREAK Next up

4 Comments is Dave AG7TX < K7KY

This is my first time operating with coaching from KG7D. Thanks for the net and this is really cool!
de AG7TX k

RR Dave u could not hv found a better elmer (-; BREAK next 4 Comments is Bruce KB7VX < NCS

K7KY and the group de KB7VX
Hey guys, I actually got the ex136.txt file manipulated this time, and I think correctly. That is a major accomplishment for me. Thanks to Doug and Mindy and Jaye.

Best wishes to all of you out there. After the net, I would like to try to communicate with Tom, WB7TZD. I will call you Tom. If you can stay a llittle after the net, I would like to see if we can make it directly, because my home is in Chehalis. I am copying you 100% here. I would like to hook up with someone digitallly that is close to my home. All the best to you digihams.

RR Bruce… B4 u contact Tom I’m going to send a file regarding changes to the digital portions of the bands.. tu BREAK Next for Comments is Darrell W6ADZ < K7KY

NCS < W6ADZ Well you caught me off guard tonight with the request to ask for check-ins. I will add the macros from the ORCA web site so that won’t happen again. I checked in late tonight to give myself more time to compose FLAMP message. 73 to the net de W6ADZ

RR Darrell… sri abt that.. really! I just can’t recall quickly who has the macro & who has already done this for us… u did great Yes the macro is on the Macro page @ the website in case anyone else would like to download it BREAK Next up 4 Comments is Tom WB7TZD < NCS

Tom missed the Traffic call too, maybe he intended to be in&out BREAK next 4 Comments is Mindy W7ZAP < NCS

Before RSID: <<2019-09-11T03:30Z MFSK-32 @ 1500>>

… start
[WRAP:beg][WRAP:lf][WRAP:fn W7ZAP_report.b2s]<flmsg>4.0.14
:hdr_fm:21
W7ZAP 20191109033050
:hdr_ed:21
W7ZAP 20170512224719
<blankform>
:mg:990 35w 180ft doublet @ 145ft
W7ZAP copied the following stations:

KD7CL 100% copy KBD (S9 +10) 5dB (Doug’s ant favors ur QTH)
K7DV 100% copy KBD (S9+) -5dB
KJ6GQW 100% copy KBD
W1EEP 100% copy KBD, VidID, Relay, FLAMP (S9 +10) 2dB
K6ETA 100% copy VidID
KE6SLS 100% copy KBD, FLAMP (S9 +15) 6dB
KI7LOQ 100% copy KBD (S9) -7dB
KG7D relay: AG7TX
AG7TX 100% copy KBD, relay, FLAMP (S9) 4dB
KB7VX 100% copy KBD, FLAMP (S9) 5db
W6ADZ 100% copy KBD, relay, FLAMP (S9)
KB6HOH 100% copy KBD, VidID (S9 +15) 7dB
W7WSV relay: W1EEP
WB7TZD 100% copy KBD (S9 +10) 5dB
K7KY 100% copy KBD, FLMSG, image

Band looking okay, even with high B/G noise. THOR 50×1 filled three stations and W1EEP copied 4 of 7 blocks on the 1st pass. Mode did better than I expected. Ooops… crazy mouse click & I accidently doubled w/KE6SLS during traffic. Good job to Dave AG7TX on 1st ORCA particiaption, even relayed KG7D!

Always enjoy working with you guys. Hope to see you again next week.

73,
Mindy W7ZAP
[WRAP:chksum B9D9][WRAP:end] … end

Tu Mindy BREAK any further comments from active stations? < NCS

Comments from monitoring stations? OK, we’ll close the net. After closing, I’ll send the email regarding the proposed ARRL changes to the digital bands BREAK

2034L – 0334Z
This concludes the ORCA DIGITAL NET
Thanks for practicing with us tonight.
We hope to work with you again
next Tuesday evening.

Sending Pic:144×140; 73 Doug K7KY

… start
[WRAP:beg][WRAP:lf][WRAP:fn ARRLdigitalPlan.b2s]<flmsg>4.0.14
:hdr_fm:20
K7KY 20191109033553
:hdr_ed:20
K7KY 20191109010648
<blankform>
:mg:5539 ———- Forwarded message ———
From: ARRL Members Only Web site <memberlist@www.arrl.org>
Date: Mon, Sep 9, 2019 at 3:54 PM
Subject: ARRL Northwestern Division Newsletter- Sept 9, 2019
To: <xxxxxx@gmail.com>

August was a very busy month for the Northwestern Division ARRL leadership team, with continuing work, along with most of the ARRL Board, related to the Symbol Rate (RM-11708), and Digital Transparency (RM-11831) FCC proposals. A large controversy erupted when the Winlink people sent users an e-mail last month, and posted comments on their website: (https://winlink.org/content/what_was_arrl_thinking). Many upset amateurs were left to think that the ARRL was proposing restricting all HF digital mode signals to the limited Automatic Control Digital Stations (ACDS) allocated spectrum, currently mostly occupied by wide-band Winlink PACTOR gateways. To say that my e-mail box was full of questions from those upset hams within our Division, and beyond, would be an understatement. The Winlink e-mail, and what is posted on their website, is but one side (theirs), of a very complicated set of issues.

What the ARRL actually voted in at the July 2019 Board meeting was a proposal to be submitted to the FCC, and as agreed to by both sides of RM-11708 and RM-11831 that met at ARRL FCC Counsel’s office last month, was to move all HF “wide-band” digital signals to the allocated HF “wide-band” ACDS spectrum, whether or not they are ACDS stations. This takes care of one of the major concerns outlined in RM-11831; interference between “narrow-band” digital stations (< 500 Hz of bandwidth), and “wide-band” digital signals (>500 Hz of bandwidth). In my opinion, the analogy that Winlink quotes on their website about “bicycles and horse-drawn carts” on a super-highway is not accurate. To me, it’s more like adding more trucks on a road already occupied with lots of bicycles. Trucks are best left on roads where there are only other trucks, and bicycles with other bicycles. The two don’t mix well within the same space, and never in favor of the cyclist if the two entangle.

Think about it. All SSB signals in their allocated portions of the HF bands each occupy the same approximately 2.8 KHz of bandwidth. Since they’re all the same size, the phone hams easily play within the same spectrum space. CW signals theoretically occupy only a few Hz each in their allocated spectrum, and all CW signals are also the same size. (Key clicks aside!) They can play among themselves quite nicely also. Things are very different in the digital world, with the myriad of divergent digital modes, all with widely differing technologies and bandwidth requirements.

The result is that not all digital signals are compatible within in the same space. For example, a typical RTTY signal occupies only about 250 Hz of spectrum, and a typical FT8 signal occupies only about 50 Hz. In the meantime, a single PACTOR 3 or 4 signal occupies about 2.4 KHz of spectrum, about 10 times wider than a typical RTTY signal, and 48 times wider than a typical FT8 signal. A lone PACTOR peer-to-peer station can come on the air and interfere with as many as 48 other narrow-band digital stations at the same time! It’s even worse when ACDS stations do not incorporate “Listen Before Transmit” (LBT) technology within the software they are using.

The second important part of this equation, and not mentioned in publication, was the ARRL Board working with US amateurs and the FCC to find ways to allocate more HF digital spectrum to accommodate the increasing number of both wide-band, and narrow-band digital stations. This is important as digital communications becomes a larger part of HF amateur radio moving into the future. In other words, the ARRL Board is looking to find ways to INCREASE total US amateur HF digital spectrum allocations, not limit or reduce them.

Several weeks ago the ARRL Board put together a six member ad-hoc committee, (of which I am a member), to explore all HF digital allocations, and see what can be done to mitigate the potential for interference by broadening the allocated ACDS and wide-band digital spectrum to accommodate more stations. Since all HF amateur radio service spectrum is already allocated among various modes, (digital, phone, CW, SSTV, and probably others), the extra bandwidth will have to come from, or be shared by, other modes that already occupy that portion of the spectrum.

We are just beginning the investigative process by attempting to set a “digital baseline”, gathering as much hard data as we can on how HF digital spectrum is being currently utilized. This is not only for US domestic digital stations, but for other ITU regions and selected countries as well. This data collection will be accomplished by a variety of means, including comparison of spectrum allocations worldwide, analyzing skimmer and digital contest data, and reviewing data collected by some of the digital mode people themselves. Please note that what the committee will NOT tackle as part of their charter are the “data transparency”, “compression verses encryption” or “open-source” issues, as they’re beyond our scope.

The bottom line is: In the end, the ARRL Board will need to balance the needs of ALL modes, and make some very tough decisions. That said, those decisions will only be made with your input. Stay tuned as this progresses.

73;
Mike Ritz, W7VO
Director, ARRL Northwestern Division

w7vo@arrl.org
www.arrl.org
www.arrlnwdiv.org
[WRAP:chksum 91A4][WRAP:end] … end

OK frequency is free tnx for your patience < K7KY

So Doug, thanks for the enjoyable
MFSK32 QSO at 2019-09-10 20:47Pacific Daylight Time
which is
2019-09-11 03:47Z
on 3581.010.

73 and God bless!!
K7KY de KB7VX sk sk

KB7VX < K7KY RR Bruce.. 73 4 now Doug K7KY sk ­

Net Reports

19/DEC/23 Report

19/DEC/23 Report

ORCA DIGITAL NET 19/DEC/23 Check-In/Rotation Check-Ins: 23 Stations: __W1EEP Gene Pine Valley,UT QNX __KI7ARP Herman Pine Valley,UT QNX __KE7YX Emery Pendleton,OR QNX N6FPV Matt Scotia,CA VidID WA7JYK Tom Joseph,OR __AK0SK Sila Kansas City,MO QNX __K7UK Rick Omak,WA QNX KE6SLS Jaye [...]

CALLSIGN Lookup by WM7D

Download NBEMS Exercises (Zip File)

Download Path Evaluation Macro Files

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FEMA Region X HF Interoperability Testing (60m)


FEMA Region X Monthly Interoperability NET, which comprises Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, conducts a monthly interoperability communications exercise on the 60-meter band. This exercise often includes a voice portion and a digital portion.

FEMA Region X uses the call sign of WGY910. The COMMEX occurs on the third Wednesday of the month from 1730 to 1900Z. Primary check-in is usually on 60-meter channel 1.

FEMA Region X Monthly Interoperability NET

3rd Wednesday 1730Z - 1900Z
Channel 1: 5330.5 kHz
Channel 2: 5346.5 kHz
Channel 3: 5357.0 kHz
Channel 4: 5371.5 kHz
Channel 5: 5403.5 kHz
1730Z Open net, delay check-ins
60M - CH1
1735Z NCS sends 1st dig msg
60M - BPSK31 - CH 2
1740Z NCS repeats 1st dig msg using alt mode
60M - MT63-2KL CH2
1745Z NCS calls for check-ins and reports
60M - CH1
1815Z NCS TX 2nd digital msg
60M - BPSK31 - CH 2
1825Z NCS reTX 2nd dig msg using alt mode
60M - MT63-2KL - CH 2
1827Z NCS calls for reports
60M - CH 1
1850Z NCS closes the net
60M - CH 1

World ClockWorld Clockwindow[wtb_event_widgets.pop()].init()

SHORTWAVE RADIOGRAM

Shortwave Radiogram transmits digital text and images on an analog shortwave broadcast transmitter. The program is produced and presented by Dr. Kim Andrew Elliott KD9XB. Shortwave Radiogram continues VOA Radiogram's tradition testing new modes and is an interesting source for Digital Ops wishing to practice more with FLDIGI & FLAMP.
 

Shortwave Radiogram Transmission Schedule (AM)

Fri 2030-2100 UTC
7780 kHz
9455 kHz
WRMI Florida
Sat 1600-1630 UTC
9400 kHz
Space Line, Bulgaria
Sun 2330-2400 UTC
7780 kHz
WRMI Florida
Mon 0800-0830 UTC
7730 kHz
5850 kHz
WRMI Florida

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